2016年9月27日 星期二
由於下個月開始我在環宇廣播電台的《功夫Fighting》節目就要開播了,身為主持人的我,一直在思考如何扮演好這個角色,所以這場辯論賽對我而言就是很好的觀摩與學習。
以下是我在這場辯論賽中所學到的六個主持人技巧
技巧一:Game Rules at First
一開始就說明遊戲規則
記住是一開始,這個動作很重要,可以讓參與者了解接下來會如何進行,可以有心理準備,也可以讓雙方有一個共識。
例如:主持人一開始就說明辯論會全長90分鐘會拆成六段,每段15分鐘,共有三個議題,每段開始會有提問、回應與開放討論的過程。
(主持人英文口稿範例如下)
The 90-minute debate is divided into six segments, each
15 minutes long. We'll explore three topic areas tonight:
Achieving prosperity; America's direction; and securing
America. At the start of each segment, I will ask the same lead-off
question to both candidates, and they will each have up to two minutes to
respond. From that point until the end of the segment, we'll have an open
discussion.
技巧二:Expectation Clarified
對於辯論內容的期待要清楚
主持人應該要向競選者先表達對於待會兩位回答問題內容的期待,應該要清楚說明並再次重申,這一點很重要。
例如:主持人表達對競選者發言的期待是政策,立場,願景與價值。
(主持人英文口稿範例如下)
Candidates, we look forward to hearing you articulate
your policies and your positions, as well as your visions and your values. So,
let's begin.
技巧三:Issue Definition
對辯論議題要有清楚定義
每個要討論的議題都要清楚說明與定義,包含現狀說明,問題說明,困境限制說明與期待。
(主持人英文口稿範例如下)
We're calling this opening segment "Achieving
Prosperity." And central to that is jobs. There are two economic realities
in America today. There's been a record six straight years of job growth, and
new census numbers show incomes have increased at a record rate after years of
stagnation. However, income inequality remains significant, and nearly half of
Americans are living paycheck to paycheck.
技巧四:Leading with Open Questions
以開放式問題開始提問
相對於只有兩種答案(例如是或否)的封閉式問題,開放式問題才能讓辯論者或發言者清楚表達自己的立場與觀點。
(主持人英文口稿範例如下)
Beginning with you, Secretary Clinton, why are you
a better choice than your opponent to create the kinds of jobs that will put
more money into the pockets of American works?
技巧五:Follow Game Rules 確認按照遊戲規則進行整場辯論
遊戲規則是讓兩位競選者輪流發言並有時間限制,所以當第一位競選者說完了,主持人表達謝意之後,便轉向第二位競選者請其發言,並再次說明時間限制只有兩分鐘,發言完後也是進行輪流回應。
(主持人英文口稿範例如下)
Secretary Clinton, thank you.
Mr. Trump, the same question to you. It's about putting
money -- more money into the pockets of American workers. You have up to two
minutes.
接下來反問第一位競選者,要回應嗎?
Secretary Clinton, would you like to respond?
再請第二位競選者回應
Let me follow up with Mr. Trump……
技巧六:Time and Issue Control
控制時間與議題
如果離題太久或太遠,主持人要適時打斷,也會提醒要回到問題本身
(主持人英文口稿範例如下)
Let me interrupt just a moment, but...
Back to the question, though.
如果一位競選者講太久,主持人可以適時請另一位競選者表達立場
Let me let Secretary Clinton get in here.
如果競選者要開啟另一個話題,主持人要提醒對方快一點或說短一點
Very quickly...
隨時提醒辯論者準備要移動到下一個議題了
We're going to move to...
Let me get you to pause right there, because we're going
to move into -- we're going to move into the next segment. We're going to talk
taxes...
Mr. Trump, I'm going to...
The next segment, we're continuing...
以我過去在在全球超過30個國家進行業務行銷的經驗來看,以上六個技巧非常適用於主持正式會議時的引導技巧,也很適合用於公司內部會議與工作坊的引導。當然,如果你有機會在國外以英文主持會議,也是很適用的。
希望各位下次以英文主持會議順利。
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